#Large Language Models

The full intellectual story of the Transformer architecture — why self-attention was the right idea, how it enabled the pre-training revolution, and why scaling Transformer models produced capabilities that nobody predicted and nobody fully understands. The architecture at the heart of every large language model in existence, and what it reveals about the nature of language, intelligence, and learning at scale.

The full story of the ChatGPT launch — the five days to a million users, the hundred million users in two months, the panic in schools and universities, the excitement in offices, the existential dread in newsrooms, and what it meant that AI had crossed the threshold from specialised tool to mainstream reality. The moment AI became everyone's business.